Gastritis with high acidity

Content:

Gastritis is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa. The classification of the disease is carried out according to the etiology of the inflammatory process, its course, the degree of damage to the epithelium layer. One of the forms - gastritis with high acidity. Clinical manifestations of acute or chronic gastritis with elevated acid-forming functions of the stomach differ from the clinical manifestations in secretory insufficiency.

Causes of gastritis with high acidity

The increased acidity itself is not a disease, but only a state of the stomach, in some cases it can cause chronic gastritis.

Factors that cause inflammation of the mucous membrane with increased acidity, it is customary to divide into external (exogenous) and internal (endogenous).

Exogenous

First, this is all that enters the stomach:

poorly chewed or dry foods;
too hot or, conversely, cold foods;
spicy, fried, fatty foods;
stale foods or dishes cooked in violation of technology;
alcoholic beverages, including low alcohol;
tobacco smoking;
a range of drugs, such as antibiotics;
accidentally swallowed objects.

The environmental situation, the observance of sanitary requirements at the workplace and in residential premises also matters. Regular ingestion of airborne toxic substances, particles of soil, cement, coal, livelihoods of insects and animals can have a serious negative effect on the gastric mucosa.

Endogenous

One of the decisive etiological factors is a genetic predisposition - the presence of gastritis, diseases that can provoke their development in the patient's closest relatives. It can cause severe stress.

The following internal causes:

avitaminosis;
metabolic disorders;
hypoxia of epithelial cells due to circulatory disorders - diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system;
the presence of inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract and other body systems, including infectious ones;
food allergies.

The presence of parasites in the body also contributes to the development of inflammatory processes in the stomach. Moreover, in this case, the problems begin more often with the oral cavity - the location of the simplest parasites:

ameba,
oral trichomonas,
bacilli,
cocci
herpes viruses,
adenoviruses,
spirochetes,
various fungi, etc.

In recent medical studies, great importance is attached to microorganisms Helicobacter pylori (HP).

Helicobacter pylori (HP)

The bacteria Helicobacter pylori (HP) are well adapted to the rapid movement in the viscous environment of the gastric mucosa, in the gastric juice.

HP produce catalase and urease.

Urease protects the microorganism HP from the bactericidal effect of gastric hydrochloric acid.
Catalase inhibits the host’s immune response.

Several mechanisms are triggered by microorganisms that cause the development of gastric diseases:

stimulation of inflammation;
toxins, toxic enzymes;
change in the physiology of the stomach.

More than 65% of Helicobacter pylori strains produce vacuolation cytotoxin, leading to epithelial cell death.

The prevalence of HP infections is affected by:

compliance with sanitary standards;
clean drinking water;
occupational factors - gastroenterologists, slaughterhouse workers.

A clear relationship is found between HP microorganisms and chronic gastritis with high acidity.

Classification of gastritis with high acidity

A single classification of gastritis with high acidity still does not exist. This is explained by the complexity of its diagnosis, the similarity of symptoms with other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. There are three types with high acidity: A, B, C.

Type A gastritis

Autoimmune gastritis (type A) with high acidity is quite rare. It is characterized by minor changes in the antrum, more involved in the processes of the bottom and body of the stomach.

In Addison-Birmer disease, in 90% of cases, antibodies to parietal cells are found in serum, which indicates the presence of autoimmune mechanisms. In the remaining patients with gastritis with high acidity, antibodies in the occipital cells are present in more than half of the cases.

In case of gastritis of type A, the glands containing the covering cells are destroyed. The result is:

violation of the secretion of hydrochloric acid;
disorders of vitamin B ₁₂ absorption - the development of certain types of anemia, the death of nerve cells;
neurological disorders;
megaloblastic anemia.

The further the destruction of the occipital cells, the stronger the atrophy of the mucosa of the body and the bottom of the stomach.

Symptoms

The disease is asymptomatic until the development of intestinal megaloblastic anemia. In some cases, characterized by:

dull pains;
heaviness after eating;
unpleasant taste in the mouth;
nausea, belching;
flatulence, diarrhea.

In the future, there is a burning sensation of the tongue, drowsiness, fatigue, numbness of the limbs.

Objectively characterized by pale skin, the lacquered surface of the tongue, loss of vibration sensitivity, gait disturbance, etc.

Type B gastritis

The most common type of chronic gastritis. There are three types of gastritis B with high acidity: antral, exogenous and Helicobacter pylor provoked by microorganisms.

Antral gastritis with high acidity - superficial gastritis, localized in the antrum of the stomach.

The disease develops as a result of bacterial inflammation. It is characterized by the absence of immune disorders, reduced or normal levels of gastrin in the blood. Depending on the presence of additional exogenous and endogenous factors, in 15–20 years the inflammatory process extends to the entire stomach, as well as deep into its tissues.

The causes of exogenous gastritis with high acidity are all sorts of external factors - eating disorders, smoking, alcohol, uncontrolled medication, environmental causes, etc.

Chronic HP infection causes multifocal atrophic gastritis and metaplasia (pathological changes) of the gastric epithelium. Moreover, the treatment aimed at reducing its level with increased acidity, in this case contributes to the development of mucosal atrophy and the risk of stomach cancer.

Symptoms

Chronic gastritis with increased acidity of type B is manifested by symptoms characteristic of peptic ulcer:

hungry and night pains in the stomach;
nausea, vomiting;
heartburn, sour belching;
addiction to constipation.

Perhaps asymptomatic course of the disease. Diagnosed on the basis of clinical observations, endoscopic examination.

Type C gastritis

Reflux gastritis, chemical type C gastritis with increased acidity is characterized by focal lesions of the fundamental part of the stomach with the contents of the duodenum 12. In small bowel reflux (moving in the opposite direction) gastritis C develops after gastrectomy.

This type of gastritis with high acidity may also be due to drug, chemical or alcohol poisoning.

Clinic

It is also possible course without pronounced symptoms, or the following signs are observed:

feeling of heaviness and pain immediately after eating or during sleep;
nausea, heartburn, vomiting.

Diagnosis of gastritis

Diagnosed by morphological studies of biopsy of the gastric mucosa.

Chronic gastritis with high acidity is more common in young people, more often in women. Taking alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can contribute to the development of erosive (hemorrhagic) gastritis with high acidity. The clinical picture may be supplemented by signs of gastric bleeding - vomiting “coffee grounds”, dizziness, palpitations, weakness. When endoscopic examination revealed multiple erosion, slight bleeding of the mucous membrane, its swelling, hyperemia.

Treatment of gastritis with high acidity

The method of treatment is chosen only by a doctor after all the necessary diagnostic measures.

Initially, symptomatic therapy is usually prescribed to reduce pain, reduce inflammation, stabilize acidity levels.

First of all, fractional meals - 4–6 times a day. Food should be taken in small portions, warm, thoroughly chewed. It is necessary to completely eliminate products that can cause irritation of the gastric mucosa:

scorching cold or hot;
smoked;
salty;
fatty;
sharp.

You need a complete rejection of tobacco and alcohol. Welcome boiled and steamed dishes - vegetables, fish, lean meat. Soups should be present at least twice a day in the daily diet.

To improve the processes of digestion and reduce the impact of food on the mucous membrane, enzymes can be prescribed, enveloping drugs.

If bacteria Helicobacter pylori is detected, antibacterial drugs are prescribed.

To relieve pain using antispasmodics.

If necessary, prescribed medication sedative action.

At the same time, the treatment of associated diseases.

During periods of remission, spa treatment is recommended for patients - Minvody, Kislovodsk, Yessentuki or nearby sanatorium complexes specializing in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.

Methods of traditional medicine should be applied very carefully and only under medical supervision, especially in connection with the widespread prevalence of allergies. Aloe, yarrow and other plants can cause a rash, urticaria.

Treatment of gastritis with high acidity is usually carried out on an outpatient basis, hospitalization is indicated in case of severe exacerbations, accompanied by severe pain, bleeding, dehydration (incessant vomiting, diarrhea), etc.

It is rarely possible to cure completely chronic gastritis with high acidity. The goal of therapeutic measures is to achieve stable remission.

Consequences of gastritis with high acidity

If untreated, or if all recommendations of a doctor are not followed, inflammation covers all layers of the stomach. Erosion, ulcers develop. Polyposis, cancer can also be the result of gastritis with high acidity.

As a result of properly selected treatment and compliance with preventive measures, it is usually possible to achieve stable remission /

Prevention

The main preventive measure of gastritis with high acidity are measures for the normalization of the secretion of hydrochloric acid.

Rational nutrition - a sufficient amount of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins.
Compliance with the mode of eating - dinner no later than 4 hours before bedtime.
Avoiding overeating, fasting, eating a dry meal, "on the go."
Refusal of hot, cold, spicy, fatty, heavy, fried foods.
Refusal of alcohol, smoking.
Compliance with the technology of cooking.
Compliance with the terms and conditions of storage of products - most gastrointestinal diseases begin with the words “what will they do in the refrigerator”.
Compliance with the requirements of individual hygiene and sanitation - washing hands before eating, visiting the toilet, regular wet cleaning.
Timely sanitation of the oral cavity, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of other body systems.
Medication only under medical supervision.
Control of your psycho-emotional state.

It is necessary to control the state of the body's reaction to heavy physical exertion, including during sports activities.

If you work in hazardous conditions, you should regularly undergo prophylactic examinations.

If anxiety symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor.

These measures will help prevent not only the development of gastritis with high acidity, but also other diseases.

| November 24, 2014 | | 5,812 | Diseases of the digestive tract